Participant Groups Essay

Depict the Problem †The neighborhood network experiences continually experienced difficulty from the action of youth posses that are ordinarily at chances with each other. Their contentions typically end up in brutal mobs at various open places, for example, the court, the recreation center, and the children’s network play area. Albeit the vast majority of these occasions occur during the dead of night and scarcely any non-posse part in the network has gotten injured as a result of them, the uproars for the most part wind up obliterating network property, for example, road lights, street signs, and so on. The nearby sheriff’s division is typically lacking in watching the lanes around evening time. Their modest number can just bear the cost of just a few appointees to do nightshifts. Thus, the groups typically pull off their mobs. Select Intended Participant Groups †Volunteers from the network who are pleasant to the formation of a local watch. They chiefly involve youngsters and concerned dads who are happy to take shifts at expanding the night watch. Select a Setting †The people group, including and most particularly the destinations for the most part frequented by the young posses, for example, the network play area, the recreation center, and the court. Set Goals and Objectives †To lessen and in the long run dispose of the occurrence of youth savagery around evening time because of youth posse riots. Select an Appropriate Intervention †A local watch. This is the arrangement of a gathering of devoted people who might watch around evening time as a helper, unarmed division of the sheriff department’s nightshift watch. Find Resources for your Intervention †vehicles can be requested from willing patrons, leased from a nearby shop, or gave by the volunteers themselves. Correspondence hardware can be obtained from the abundance in the sheriff’s office. Financing for gas, batteries, and different various materials will be mentioned from the organization. Include the Community †Aside from the volunteers, the remainder of the network will be made mindful of the mediation through different data spread drives including the school and the network heads. Build up your Activities and Materials †Activities incorporate brutality assuagement preparing of volunteers by sheriff’s division, volunteer assessment and ensuing arrangement. Materials to be created are versatility and interchanges gear. Staff your Intervention †The staff for the mediation comprise of the volunteers, and chose representatives from the sheriff’s office to give the fundamental preparing and assessment of volunteers. Train your Staff †Training includes savagery conciliation strategies, appropriate utilization of correspondence equipment, driving convention, and animosity reaction conventions. Actualize your Intervention †Implementation will continue when enough volunteers have been prepared and proper assets have been procured. Screen your Intervention †Each head volunteer per organization is required to screen and record the occasions that come to pass during his watch and submit reports to the organization for assessment. Assess your Intervention †the assessment will be founded on volunteer records, volunteer and network evaluation, and free appraisal done by organization delegates. The key purposes of assessment are the pace of youth savagery because of groups after intercession usage, network reaction and the feasibility of proceeded with execution.

Qualities of an Ideal Businessperson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Characteristics of an Ideal Businessperson - Essay Example ern business condition requires specialists to have certain characteristics so as to conquer the hardened rivalry in the market (Naidu, 2009, p 151). A perfect agent must be industrious in abusing the open doors in the market, particularly new and inventive thoughts that current high business development potential. The individual ought to have great information on all business procedures, for example, obtainment, monetary administration, showcasing and client relations the board. Furthermore, one must have the option to encourage close working associations with representatives and guarantee that singular worker endeavors add to the general accomplishment of the hierarchical destinations (Naidu, 2009, p 134). Proposition articulation: a perfect businessman must have a pioneering mentality so as to prevail in the serious business condition. As indicated by Naidu (2009), it is basic for the individual to have sufficient specialized information on the business exercises (p 89). The individual ought to know about the client needs, the traits of the item and encompassing business condition. The perfect individual must have the option to examine the earth and recognize drifts in the business fragments, for example, the open doors that may encourage business development and gainfulness, and dangers that can block the drawn out endurance and seriousness of the business (Naidu, 2009, p 155). Moreover, one must know about the inward business procedures, for example, the showcasing, fabricating forms, monetary administration aptitudes and flexibly chain the board exercises so as to guarantee business exercises are appropriately planned. For example, specialists in the car business must be educated about the distinctive vehicle models, the manufacturer’s determinations, the present costs and changes in client perspectives t owards less fuel devouring vehicles (Naidu, 2009, p 169). Organizations require inventiveness and imagination because of fast business condition changes, for example, new innovation,

The Best Scholarships in Utah

​As the cost of attending a college or university continues to rise across the country, many Utah students are finding that state and federal financial aid programs fall short of meeting the full cost of tuition, fees, room, and board for their chosen program of study. To help offset the cost of higher education in Utah, many of the state's professional associations and advocacy groups have created generous scholarships and grants that do not need to be repaid after graduation.While some Utah scholarships are widely available to students of all backgrounds, many others focus on encouraging diversity and promoting an interest in certain careers. While perusing the state' available scholarship funds, keep in mind future career plans, current financial need, and historical academic merit. These factors will make it easier to choose the best and most relevant scholarship programs available.​ 1.Utah New Century Scholarship Program The New Century Scholarship program is designed to help students earn a two-year degree while still in high school, and then pursue the remainder of a four-year degree at one of Utah's public universities. Students must apply for the program during their final two years of high school, must complete an Associate of Science or Associate of Arts program, and must then enroll at a public, in-state university. Scholarship amounts vary each year, based largely on state budgetary concerns.You can learn more about the ​Utah New Century Scholarship Program here. 2.Utah Regents Scholarship Offered by the Utah Board of Regents to outstanding graduating seniors, this unique program is offered entirely on a merit basis. In order to qualify for the scholarship, students must take the Regents' recommended high school courses in several subjects, including foreign language, history, mathematics, and science. Upon completion of high school curriculum requirements, students submit ACT scores and a formal application to the Board of Regents for consideration. Scholarship amounts vary each year, based on the state budget. In 2015-2016, the "base award" was $1,000; the "exemplary" award was $1,250.You can learn more about the ​Utah Regents Scholarship here. 3.Terrell H. Bell Teaching Incentive Loan Program Utah is one of several states that suffers from a shortage of qualified teachers in key subjects, most notably the STEM fields. The Bell Teaching Incentive Loan Program offers students the ability to offset the cost of up to 8 semesters of undergraduate study in a teacher licensure program at a Utah university. Though the program is referred to as a "loan," its funds convert to grant status when a student graduates from a university as a licensed teacher and is hired to teach at a public school in the state of Utah.You can learn more about the ​Terrell H. Bell Teaching Incentive Loan Program here. 4.Utah Association of Independent Insurance Agents Scholarship One of the largest industry bodies in the state, the Utah Association of Independent Insurance Agents offers a scholarship to graduating high school seniors enrolled at a public or private high school in Utah. The program requires that applicants have maintained a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale. Additionally, applicants should be able to discuss community service programs that they have participated in during high school as part of the formal application process. A photo must also be included with the application. Three scholarships of between $500 and $1,000 are awarded annually.You can learn more about theUtah Association of Independent Insurance Agents Scholarship here. 5.OB/GYN Group Scholarship Offered to one student each year, the OB/GYN Group Scholarship requires that students participate in an essay competition. Each year, five different essay topics are chosen by the committee; students choose one of the pre-selected topics as part of their formal application. The group awards a single, $1,000 scholarship recipient each year, without the ability to renew the award. Students are free to reapply during all four years of undergraduate study. Graduating high school seniors must be accepted into an undergraduate program before they can submit an application for this scholarship.You can learn more about the ​OB/GYN Group Scholarship here. 6.MGMA Western Section Scholarship The national Medical Group Management Association, which maintains regional offices, maintains a scholarship program for students who fall under its "Western Section" designation. This includes students in Utah. The scholarships, which range from $1,000 to $5,000, are offered to students enrolled in a field of study related to medical management. Applicants for this scholarship are also required to be Medical Group Management Association members in good standing, and must submit a formal application annually in order to be considered for the program.You can learn more about the ​MGMA Western Section Scholarship here. 7.Utah Chapter ASSE Scholarship Offered by the American Society of Safety Engineers, this Utah-specific program is available to any student at a Utah state university majoring in a safety-related field. This includes everything from environmental safety to certain engineering fields and health professions. Two awards are made available each year in the amount of $1,000. The scholarship program requires submission of an application and essay; winners are announced each spring.You can learn more about the ​Utah Chapter ASSE Scholarship here. 8.NTA Utah - Keith Griffall Scholarship The National Tour Association offers this award to students enrolled in a hospitality or tourism program at Utah colleges and universities. In order to qualify, students must be currently enrolled in a relevant undergraduate program and must have a GPA of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale. In addition to studying at a Utah college, applicants must be a permanent Utah resident. The scholarship is available only to students who are entering their junior or senior year, and awards a single, $2,000 scholarship each spring.You can learn more about the ​NTA Utah - Keith Griffall Scholarship here. 9.Equality Leadership Fund Scholarship Award One of several scholarships grants for LGBT residents of Utah, this program, rewards leadership in the field of LGBTQ activism. Applicants must be currently enrolled in, or accepted to, a Utah state college or university. Students must also be permanent residents of the state, with at least a 3.0 GPA and a history of leadership in LGBTQ activism. A formal application, along with an essay discussing leadership roles in the community and a personal photo, must be submitted for consideration. Award amounts start at $1,000.You can learn more about the ​Equality Leadership Fund Scholarship Award here. 10.Home Education Leadership Fund Scholarship Award The Community Foundation of Utah is committed to making it easier for certain marginalized groups, from LGBT Utah students to those who have been home schooled, easier to attend a state university. To that end, the Home Education Leadership Fund is made available to homeschooled students who have earned at least a 3.25 GPA on a 4.0 scale, have demonstrated leadership skills in the community and have been accepted to a Utah college. To qualify as "home schooled" under the scholarship's definition, students must have been educated at home for at least the past five years.You can learn more about the ​Home Education Leadership Fund Scholarship Award here. 11.The Utah EMBA Alumni Service Scholarship This unique scholarship program is designed and funded by EMBA students at the University of Utah. Despite being the product of EMBA students and alumni at this state University, the program is available to any graduating high school senior, current undergraduate student, or graduate student, studying any major at any university in Utah. Successful applicants must show how they give back to the community when writing short essay questions required for the application. Four awards are given each year, but the amounts vary based on the program's fundraising success.You can learn more about the ​The Utah EMBA Alumni Service Scholarship here. 12.Willy the Plumber Scholarship Paying for college can be a particularly big headache for students whose parents are currently inmates in a Utah prison. This scholarship program helps students overcome this relatively high hurdle to continuing education. The number and amount of scholarships awarded each year varies based on the program's fundraising success, though many students typically receive an award of approximately $1,000. As part of the application process, Utah students must submit transcripts and evidence of positive community involvement.You can learn more about the ​Willy the Plumber Scholarship here. 13.The Scrooge Scholarship Nontraditional students need financial help, too. The Scrooge Scholarship provides financial aid to parents of special-needs children who are continuing their college education or going back to school after an extended absence. To qualify, applicants must be parents of children with disabilities, should have been accepted to a Utah state university already, and must intend to enroll at least half-time in the upcoming academic year. Awards vary based on funding.You can learn more about the ​The Scrooge Scholarship here. 14.Utah Jump$tart Coalition Financial Literacy Scholarship In order to promote financial literacy, the Utah Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy partnered with one of the state's largest credit unions to create an online course in general financial literacy. Graduating seniors from a Utah high school who complete the course and are accepted into a Utah university are eligible to apply for the scholarship award. Four awards are granted each year, each for $1,000. The program does not renew, and applicants cannot reapply in successive years.You can learn more about the ​Utah Jump$tart Coalition Financial Literacy Scholarship here. 15.Henry Joyce W. Sumid Scholarship Program This need-based scholarship is made available to students in several western states, including Utah. Scholarship amounts can be as high as $5,000, though this amount is adjusted downward for students with less demonstrated financial need. The program requires that students, along with their parents, submit a statement of financial need. Additionally, students should be prepared to write an essay, a Student Aid Report from the FAFSA, and at least three letters of recommendation. Awards are non-renewable, but students can reapply each year.You can learn more about the ​Henry Joyce W. Sumid Scholarship Program here. 16.Korean American Scholarship Foundation-Western Regional Chapter Available to Korean citizens, permanent residents, and foreign nationals, this scholarship program provides financial assistance to students with Korean heritage in the western third of the United States. To be considered for this unique financial aid program, applicants must be a resident of a western state, such as Utah, and must have at least a 3.0 GPA. Community involvement and an interest in Korean culture, as well as a 3.0 minimum GPA and demonstrated financial need, will determine the amount of the award offered to each selected applicant.You can learn more about the ​Korean American Scholarship Foundation-Western Regional Chapter here. 17.NSHSS Tesoro Youth Leadership Awards Tesoro offers this scholarship program to students in states where the company does business, which includes Utah. Because the program is based on academic merit and leadership, students will need to submit official academic transcripts, several letters of recommendation, and an essay of at least 500 words. Only students with at least a 3.0 GPA will be considered for the program. Each year, 20 students are chosen to receive a scholarship in the amount of $2,500.You can learn more about the ​NSHSS Tesoro Youth Leadership Awards here. 18.Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Technical School Scholarship To encourage an interest in the mining trades among students in Rocky Mountain states, this scholarship program grants eight awards in the amount of $1,000 each year to students in applicable fields of study. The program requires its applicants to study a relevant technical field at a two-year, technical college in Utah or a neighboring Rocky Mountain state. An interest in mining as a career is essential; an in-person interview during the month of March is required.You can learn more about theRocky Mountain Coal Mining Technical School Scholarship here. 19.Bank of the West Scholarship Bank of the West, which has long played a key role in furthering American agriculture and agribusiness, developed its scholarship program to promote those fields of study at universities throughout Utah. The scholarship program requires its applicants to be studying either an agriculture-related field or agribusinesses. Additionally, applicants must demonstrate financial need in order to be selected for one of eight awards in the amount of $3,000. Though the scholarship does not renew, previous recipients are eligible to reapply.You can learn more about the ​Bank of the West Scholarship here. 20.APTRA-Clete Roberts/Kathryn Dettman Memorial Journalism Scholarship Named in honor of two legendary journalists from western states, this APTRA scholarship grants annual awards to students studying broadcast or print journalism at a university in western states with an APTRA chapter. This includes Utah. A single scholarship for $1,500 is awarded each February to the student who best demonstrates journalistic integrity, community leadership, and a strong desire to pursue a career in broadcast journalism. The award cannot be renewed, and previous recipients are ineligible to reapply.You can learn more about theAPTRA-Clete Roberts/Kathryn Dettman Memorial Journalism Scholarship here. 21.Robert Price Memorial Scholarships Granted by the Utah Hemophilia Foundation, this memorial scholarship is open to any Utah resident enrolled at a Utah state college or university who suffers from a serious bleeding disorder. The selection committee reserves the right to select students based on the severity of their disease, the length of treatment sought for a bleeding disorder, or their connection to a parent, spouse, or sibling with a severe bleeding disorder. Awards are granted based on overall financial need and range from $100 to $1,000.You can learn more about the ​Robert Price Memorial Scholarships here. 22.The Latter-day Pioneer Scholarship Fund First-generation converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints qualify for this unique program. Applicants must be the first generation in their family to convert to Mormonism and must qualify based on which university they will attend. Only LDS-affiliated universities will be eligible the student for an award of up to $1,500. As an alternative, students may qualify for the award if they can demonstrate LDS institute participation while attending a non-LDS university.You can learn more about the ​The Latter-day Pioneer Scholarship Fund here. 23.Danzo and Elsie Shiramizu Endowment A general scholarship program for all types of Utah students, this award, is granted to graduating seniors, current undergraduate students, or adults returning to school for technical training. High school students must be graduating seniors with at least a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale, while current college students must have at least a 3.5 GPA on a 4.0 scale. One award is granted each year in the amount of $600.You can learn more about the ​Danzo and Elsie Shiramizu Endowment here. 24.RRL Rocky Mountain Division Scholarship ARRL, the National Association for Amateur Radio, gives this scholarship to students from western states who are active in amateur radio on unlicensed spectrum. To qualify, applicants must be a graduating high school senior or current undergraduate student with at least a 3.0 GPA. A current ARRL member must be able to write a letter of recommendation for the applicant that describes the nature and frequency of their activity on the amateur radio spectrum. In addition to a $500 scholarship, recipients will be granted a complimentary, one-year membership to the ARRL.You can learn more about the ​RRL Rocky Mountain Division Scholarship here. 25.Utah Hispanic Business Leadership Foundation/SOMOS Scholarships The Utah Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Foundation offers its "SOMOS" scholarships to as many as 400 students every year, providing as much as $1.8 million in financial aid to Hispanic students at Utah state colleges and universities. The program requires a demonstration of academic merit and financial need. Most SOMOS scholarships awards cannot be renewed, though eligible students are encouraged to apply each year for various need-based and merit-based awards.You can learn more about the ​Utah Hispanic Business Leadership Foundation/SOMOS Scholarships here. 26.Jameson Family Scholarship University of Utah students who are not a Utah resident might qualify for this program if they were accepted as an HB144 student. HB144 students attended a Utah high school for at least three years and qualified for in-state tuition at the university, even if they are not technically a Utah resident at the time of acceptance. The program provides one two-semester scholarship for $7,000 and a one-semester scholarship for $3,000. Both awards are nonrenewable.You can learn more about the ​Jameson Family Scholarship here. 27.U-DREAM Scholarship The U-DREAM Scholarship takes its name from the "DREAM Act" legislation designed to help the children of undocumented immigrants become United States citizens. To that end, the scholarship is open to immigrant students, primarily those who are undocumented, based on their demonstrated financial need when attending a Utah college or university. The financial aid program requires submission of a formal application and Student Aid Report for final approval of the award amount. The award is nonrenewable, but previous recipients are eligible to reapply.You can learn more about the ​U-DREAM Scholarship here. 28.Sit With Me Sunday Scholarship A unique program for LGBT youth in the state of Utah, the Sit With Me Sunday Scholarship is granted to LGBT students who were baptized in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The scholarship committee recognizes the tenuous link between the church and LGBT students and therefore does not require that an active membership be maintained in order to qualify for up to $1,000 in annual funds for an in-state degree program at a Utah university.You can learn more about the ​Sit With Me Sunday Scholarship here. 29.Utah APWA Student Scholarship The Utah chapter of the American Public Works Administration offers two scholarships annually to college seniors in the state. In order to qualify for this unique financial aid program, applicants must be a Utah resident, enrolled at a Utah state university, and planning for a career in public works administration or public management. Two full-time students are awarded a $2,000 scholarship, while one child of a public works employee is awarded a $1,000 scholarship each year.You can learn more about the ​Utah APWA Student Scholarship here. 30.Utah Occupational Therapy Scholarship Many scholarships and grants focus on awarding students pursuing specialized careers. This award is one of them. One student at the University of Utah, and one student at Salt Lake Community College will be selected for this award each year. To qualify, applicants must reside in the state of Utah, attend college at least half-time, and be enrolled in the occupational therapy program at each respective school. Each award is worth $300. Neither award can be renewed, though students are encouraged to apply during each year of enrollment.You can learn more about the​Utah Occupational Therapy Scholarship here. 31.Horatio Alger Utah Scholarship The Alger Scholarship is offered based on both a student's financial need and their academic merit. The program offers up to seven awards each year, all of $7,000. Unlike many other Utah scholarships, the program is broken up into four or five installments that are paid at the beginning of each academic year. For four-year students, this amounts to $1,750 per year. For those in a five-year program, the scholarship is equivalent to a $1,400 award for the duration of the degree program.You can learn more about the ​Horatio Alger Utah Scholarship here. 32.PFLAG Salt Lake City Chapter Scholarship Designed to help offset the high cost of higher education for LGBT youth in Utah, the PFLAG Salt Lake City Scholarship is open to LGBT applicants who are either graduating high school seniors or current college students in Utah. While parental membership in the organization is encouraged, it is not required. Students must submit a photo, personal essay, and formal application, in order to be considered for this non-renewable award. Each year, five scholarships of $1,000 are made available.You can learn more about the ​PFLAG Salt Lake City Chapter Scholarship here. 33.Mahindra Women in Ag Scholarship Mahindra, a traditional compact tractor company, created a new scholarship program in 2015 designed to encourage women to pursue agriculture as a career choice. To that end, this unique scholarship program is open to Utah woman who are studying an agriculture-related field of study at a college or university, or those who plan to enter agriculture as a career after they graduate. Four $2,500 scholarships are granted to selected applicants on a non-renewable basis.You can learn more about the ​Mahindra Women in Ag Scholarship here. 34.ACLU of Utah Youth Activist Scholarship Utah's chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union has offered this unique scholarship since the 2007-2008 academic year. The program is designed to award graduating high school seniors who have taken a stand for civil liberties in a meaningful way during their high school career. In order to qualify, students must be a graduating senior at a Utah, high school, accepted to a college or university, and have a GPA of 3.0 or better on a 4.0 scale. The formal application, along with an essay describing involvement in civil justice issues, must be submitted prior to the annual deadline. Two scholarships of $1,500 each are awarded each year.You can learn more about the ​ACLU of Utah Youth Activist Scholarship here. 35.Utah Sterling Scholar Program The Sterling Scholar program in Utah is one of the most competitive merit programs for graduating high school seniors. With awards that range from $250 to $1,000, the program is a useful resource for students who intend to study at an in-state, public or private university. In order to qualify, students must be enrolled at a public Utah high school, selected by the faculty, and recommended by the principal. Awards are given each spring on a merit basis.You can learn more about the ​Utah Sterling Scholar Program here. ​We've worked hard to include a variety of scholarship opportunities within our list. If you have any suggestions on additional scholarships, please feel free to leave them in the comments section.Related Articles The Best Scholarship Websites to Find Your Funding The Best Scholarships in Louisiana The Best Scholarships in Maryland The Best Scholarships in Michigan The Best Scholarships in North Carolina The Best Scholarships in Ohio The Best Scholarships in South Carolina The Best Scholarships in Texas The Best Scholarships in Virginia

Critique Love and Cinderella - 1268 Words

W131 8 October 2013 Critique of â€Å"Cinderella: Not So Morally Superior† Elisabeth Panttaja, teacher at Tufts University, analyzes the true morality of Grimm’s well known fairytale, â€Å"Cinderella†, in her critique, â€Å"Cinderella: Not So Morally Superior.† Cinderella is usually characterized as an innocent and â€Å"motherless† girl who is trying to find true love, such as Disney’s version of â€Å"Cinderella†. However, Panttaja claims that Cinderella is not motherless and Cinderella is trying to gain power by using magic instead of finding true love (Panttaja 289). Panttaja’s validity throughout her article is at best when describing how Cinderella actually has a power thirsty and magical mother, but her legitimacy begins to lack through her analysis†¦show more content†¦Panttaja shows how the mother’s magic changed the way Cinderella looked so she was able to go to the ball and meet the prince, ultimately leading to marriag e (Panttaja 288). The mother’s magic is not just for Cinderella’s day to day issues. The magic focuses on one goal which is obtaining a powerful position for Cinderella (Panttaja 287). Panttaja points out a pattern with the text, which shows that Cinderella’s mother’s magic fights against all the forces that challenge Cinderella’s power, such as getting rid of her evil stepsisters or setting her up with the prince (Panttaja 287). These examples are shown when her mother provides her with clothes, or in the end when the mother takes revenge on the stepsisters and, â€Å"†¦punished them with blindness† (Grimm 633). Another way that Cinderella’s mom uses magic to help Cinderella is when her mother assists Cinderella with all of the chores she has to complete before going to the ball (Grimm 630). The pattern of the type of chores that were completed show that the mother is trying to help Cinderella be ready in time to go to the vario us balls in order to meet the prince. Other than giving Cinderella solace, the mother focuses her assistance on all the issues that are causing conflict for Cinderella and being able to go to the prince. Finally, when the mother completes all these tasks using her magical powers, Cinderella is able toShow MoreRelatedMovie Critique : Cinderella Man1529 Words   |  7 PagesFilm Critique: Cinderella Man Set during the Great Depression, Ron Howard’s Cinderella Man follows the life story of James J. â€Å"Cinderella Man† Braddock, a supposedly washed-up boxer who came back to become a champion and inspiration that represented the hopes and aspirations of the American public in the 1930s. Despite the conditions Braddock and his family were forced to live through during this difficult time, Braddock’s love and devotion to his family fueled his desire to keep his family togetherRead MoreChronicles The Author s Journey Through America s Princess Culture With Her Young Daughter, Daisy1665 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily’s ambitions. 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Legal Rules Of Evidence And The Concept Of Privileges,...

The Federal Rules of Evidence and the concept of Privileges, Presumptions and Judicial Notice. Deanna C. Walsh Kaplan University, 2014 April 2014 This paper was prepared for CJ508P-01N: Evidentiary Issues in Criminal Cases: Professor Cloud Miller Abstract: The criminal justice system is a system build of rules and guidelines that provide the citizens of the United States a place to life free and without fear. The rules and guidelines set into place are to provide structure and repercussions for inappropriate behavior that is deemed dangerous to the individual themselves and the public as a whole. Federal and State guidelines are similar in concepts, as well as specific counties, cities and towns. Most rules have exception to†¦show more content†¦Within this answer discuss why privileges exist and argue for or against the end for privileges and societies interest in these rules of evidence. Discuss a minimum of two different privileges within your answer. The criminal justice system would not exist unfortunately without the individuals who refuse to follow the guidelines set forth by Law Enforcement officials as well as government agencies. Publications from the Harvard School of Law state that, â€Å"The evidentiary privileges are the most important set of rules that operate to exclude relevant no prejudicial, and no confusing evidence for reasons completely unrelated to the truth-promoting principle. â€Å" â€Å"Without access to specific facts a criminal prosecution may be totally frustrate.† â€Å"On the other hand, the allowance of the privilege to withhold evidence that is demonstrably relevant in a criminal trial would cut deep into the guarantee of due process of law and gravely impair the basic function of the courts.† (Harvard Law, 2014) The Federal Rules of Evidence outlines specific Rules that are described as privileges. The Federal Rules of Evidence; Rule 501; is known as, â€Å"Privilege in General† which is defined as the common law- as interpreted by United States courts in the light of reason and experience- governs a claim of privilege unless any of the following provides otherwise: †¢ The United States Constitution; †¢ A

Organizational Behaviour and Design

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behaviour and Design. Answer: Introduction The focus of the assignment is to compare and contrast the organizational behavior and trajectory of Baby Boomers and Millennial in the recent epoch. At the same time, the paper assesses the leadership styles and approaches adopted by these two organizations. Baby boomers represent the statistical order of population that developed during the aftermath of the Second World War. The phase includes people ranging from the age between 52 and 70 years old in 2016. The word Baby boomers is used from the cultural perspective, in a sense it is difficult to grasp the definition of Baby boomers. The moot point is what the term Baby boomers actually mean, both culturally and technically. It is baffling to ascribe generic attributes to a particular generation. Many people aim to guide their cultural impression. At the same time, the term has assumed a popular currency. Baby boomers are inextricably associated with a refutation. It attempts to redefine traditional elements. There is a hot bed of controversy regarding the purview of the definition. In the regions of Europe and North America, the boomers resembled privilege. Many boomers appeared in a time, when government subsidies increased in the sphere of war housing and education (Auerbach et al., 2015). Discussion The Baby boomers manifest the most affluent and extravagant class that appeared in a particular period. They envisioned that the world would grow exponentially along with them. They also stood for the generation that contributed high levels of income. Consequently, they procured the benefits of food, retirement programs and middle life crisis items. During this time, slavery of consumerism and utilization of economic goods permeated the international terrain. Therefore, many scholars severely criticized the period for the massive utilization of products (Bennett Alliex, 2014) A significant feature of Baby boomers was that they consider themselves a bunch of special generation, isolated from the rest. In the 1960s, a large number of people spawned a kind of rhetoric and it brought about changes in the end. The rhetoric bore a significant impression in the economic sphere. The Baby boomers is regarded as a shockwave and other variegated terms. The term Generation Jones mentions about the period that aims to differ people born from 1956 to 1964 from the earlier baby boomers (Feldmann et al., 2014). Millennial (regarded as Generation Y or Generation Z) represents demographic order that follows Generation X. At the same time, there is no comprehensive date that explains about the advent of the Millennial. The scholars and researchers maintain the date 1980s as the incepting point of the group and it spanned until 2000s. Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe coined the term Millennial. The scholars introduced the concept in the year 1987. In 1982, the children emerged from the pre-schools and the media identified the liaison between the high school graduating students and the kindergarten toddlers. They mentioned about their outfit in the book entitled Generations: The History of Americas Future, 1584 to 2069 and Millennial Rising: The Next Great Generation (2000). In August 1993, the editorial unit of Ad Age conceived the phrase Generation Y that refers to the people belonging to age 11 or younger. At the same time, the teenagers are often labeled as Generation X (Hess, 2012). It is said that the company has used 1982 as the initiating phase. Horvitz claims that that the Millennial is relatively better than Gen Y. Millennial is also known as Echo Boomers, inasmuch there is an exponential rise in the margin of birth rate that span from early 1980s to mid 1990s. In the region of United States, 1990 witnessed the high growth of birth rates and also the trend of nuclear families came in vogue in the mid 20th century. The author Elwood Carlson, in his book The Lucky Few: Between the Greatest Generation, claimed that grouping is the New Boomers. Psychologist Jean Twenge explained that the Millennial is Generation Me in the book that was published in 2006. Coming to the main angle, the scholars and the experts have to identify the reasons behind the recruitment of Baby boomers. The premise holds that the organizations hire baby boomers because they maintain a lucrative business. It is sensible to hire Baby boomers that are highly profitable in the sphere. The experts claim that the financial benefits maintain clarity, particularly for the companies and the wider economy. The Australian Human Rights Commission maintains that by enhancing the employment rate of Australia by a staggering 5%, the national economy would increase by $ 48 billion. Historically speaking, Baby boomers created a phenomenon and the recent research outlines The Great Generational Paradigm that complicates the scene. The Baby boomers persist to score greatly, centering the traits and other attributes of the traditional leadership. The elements of traditional leadership such as persuasion, motivation and decisive strategy maintain the level of Baby boomers. At the s ame time, the Baby boomers filters down the traditional values and help the companies imbibe them. The research-based statistics reveal that Baby boomers score 34% that is relatively higher in the particular area of personality trait. The personal trait of Baby boomers is comparatively higher than the Generation Y (Horvitz, 2012). The Baby Boomers occupies a significant position in terms of decision-making and motivation. At the same time, it maintains a good score, in relation to strategic orientation and persuasive method. Baby boomers stood as the pioneering figure for the maintenance of traditional leadership styles. At the other end of the spectrum, the Gen X approaches 50 years of age and assumes an old character. With the changing pace of technology, the culture of workplace and the mode of communication witness a paradigm shift from the traditional leadership styles. The new style and approach paved the way for the metaphysical thought and pragmatic thinking. The experts began to envision intellectual discourse and engage in the conceptualization of theoretical writings. The experts and the managers assume a far-sighted character. The veritable question is whether organizations loose, if the traditional boomer traits disappear from the current job market topography. In order to expand the horizon of the corporate organizations, the traits of Baby boomers are crucial. They play a pivotal role in maintaining the profit rate of the company. The basic elements of Baby boomers help the company to leap forward. At the same time, the Baby boomers give the new and upcoming organizations an ideal opportunity to meld the new style of leadership with the traditional sort. Therefore, it gives them a vital scope to develop a practical concept of working strategy and decision-making schemes. The main function of Baby boomers is to guide and train younger colleagues. The research of Hudson maintains that Baby boomers gained an edge over the new ones and develop inclination towards critical decision-making strategies. Baby boomers maintain the crucial points of strength, irrespective of cultural and technological moves and developments in the workplace. Any corporation requires intensive research-based finding to maintain the legacy of the critical thinking. In a competitive market, every individual should maintain a confident milieu, in a sense to jump into the bandwagon of success and cope with the growing crises. In the prolonged phase of reform and resolution, Baby boomers gain emotional stability and resurrection. At the same time, the Baby boomers fare relatively better than Generation Y in terms of personality feature of stress-combat. Baby boomers maintain a confident position in the workplace during the time of crisis. At the same time, they have the characteristics of dedication and fidelity. Unlike the stated levels of ambition of Gen Y, the Baby boomers assume the reins of stability and loyalty. The younger employees exhibit the inclination of progress and furtherance of the career. Conversely, the Baby boomers could not avail themselves of the advantages of the workplace and the employers give them less scope to raise the apex (Schiffman, 2013). In the era of technological advancement, the Millennial developed a new space in the economic sphere. The Generation Y maintains certain precepts to enhance the scope of research. The main features of the Generation Y such as Optimism, Confidence, and Ambition. The scholars claim that Generation Y emphasizes on career pursuits and deliberates on the making of future. The crux of the matter is that they are not sure about the scale of achievement. The generation would derive assistance from the efficient management and other technicalities. According to Gen Y, the brand name of an organization carries a wider currency, in a sense it makes the organization efficient. After a comprehensive research conducted on the Gen Y, it is found that Gen Y is career-driven and they anticipate high trends of progress in the workplace. They venerate the elements of honesty and want to sustain the process of learning and development. The scholars opine that 72% of Generation Y would not apply for a certain role that deems unfit for them. Therefore, nine out of ten candidates of Gen Y prioritize on the significance and stature of the organization. At the same time, 25 % of the remaining workforce rarely does such things. However, the Gen Y mainly works for the uplift of the brands name. The research explicates that Gen Y greatly emphasized their career values. For a significant part of the employees, the career consideration comes first, rather than health issues. About 60% of the employees consider risk an important part of their career growth. Gen Y strongly focus on the fact that career is the main determinant for the maintenance of freedom (Koch et al., 2015) It is believed that two percent of the people Gen Y view career as a job for life, rather than the rest of the workforce. The Gen Y people put an emphasis on the career goals and remain with the employer for the maximum period of 6 to 7 years (Simmons, 2016). Gen Y comprehends the dynamic of work/life balance. It is the responsibility of the employer to provide continuous learning and development. Learning helps the employees to carry on with the essence of the career and employment. The group (Gen Y) focuses on the high rate of salary. The Gen Y has a massive divergence (Majeed, 2015). Apart from that, the people of Gen Y shares similarity with the remainder of todays workforce. The employers of the Gen Y have set goals. They retain their level of flexibility and fidelity. Training and development determine the course of the Gen Y. The innovative technology, coupled with flexible training form the important aspect of the Gen Y. However, the workforce of Gen Y believes in the changin g mold of market and research. The people of Gen Y want to reap the benefit of the market. At the same time, the case of frictional unemployment is common for them, as they reject the jobs that give no perquisites (McShane, 2015). Conclusion Concluding the piece, the Baby boomers had the proclivity to work diligently and consider their career above everything. The Gen X and Gen Y designate them as workaholic and they show dedication towards their service. The main features of dedication, fidelity and diligence influence the work culture of the employees (Winefield, 2016). They have set skills and ken that determine the course of their work. Baby boomers remain in the profession for a long period. Unlike the later generation, Baby boomers remain in the set frame and hardly change their employment (Ng, 2012). At the same time, they work strenuously for the project (Mitchell, 2013). The experts believe that Gen X carve out a unique position and maintain the work/life equilibrium with ease. Gen X has the required qualification that helps them to succeed in the end. With the growing technological changes, the people of Gen X become acquainted with the internet communication (Robinson, 2012). The workforce maintains the virtua l space. The workforce of Gen Y has a complicated work culture and countenances problems in striking the balance (Meola, 2016). The people of Gen Y aim to communicate and pass on the message through the virtual medium. They are prone to creativity and exercise their cognitive faculties to improve their career goals. The essay mentions about the paradigm shift from Baby boomers to Gen X and subsequently, to Gen Y. Reference Auerbach, D. I., Buerhaus, P. I., Staiger, D. O. (2015). Will the RN Workforce Weather the Retirement of the Baby Boomers?.Medical care,53(10), 850-856. Bennett, E., Alliex, S. (2014). A workforce development strategy for nursing in early parenting services in Australia: Solutions for the'baby boomer'exit from the nursing workforce.Australian Journal of Child and Family Health Nursing,11(1), 10. Feldmann, D., Hosea, J., Wall, M., Dashnaw, C., Banker, L., Ponce, J. (2014). Inspiring the Next Generation Workforce: The 2014 Millennial Impact Report. Hess, J. P. (2012).Exploring the Challenges of Training and Developing Millennials in the Business Environment. Northcentral University. Horovitz, B. (2012). After Gen X, Millennials, what should next generation be.USA Today,4. Koch, A., Speer, A., Penney, C., Van Balkom, D., Munding, E., Bishop, H., Marsh, K. (2015). Beyond Boomer Benefits: Examining How Millennial Identity Influences Career Benefit Expectations. Majeed, T., Forder, P., Mishra, G., Kendig, H., Byles, J. (2015). A gendered approach to workforce participation patterns over the life course for an Australian baby boom cohort.Journal of Vocational Behavior,87, 108-122. McShane, S., Olekalns, M., Newman, A., Travaglione, T. (2015).Organisational Behaviour 5e; Emerging Knowledge. Global Insights. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Meola, C. C. (2016). Addressing the needs of the Millennial workforce through equine assisted learning.Journal of Management Development,35(3), 294-303. Mitchell, A. (2013). The Rise of the Millennial Workforce.Wired. August. Ng, E., Lyons, S. T., Schweitzer, L. (Eds.). (2012).Managing the new workforce: International perspectives on the millennial generation. Edward Elgar Publishing. Robinson, S., Stubberud, H. A. (2012). Millennial workforce: Communicating and multitasking.International Journal of Management Information Systems (Online),16(4), 307. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Simmons, A. (2016). Exploring Millennial Retention Strategies and Methods in the Workplace. Winefield, H., O'Dwyer, L., Taylor, A. (2016). Understanding baby boomer workers' well?being in Australia.Australasian journal on ageing.

Knowledge Networks Social Capital

Introduction It can be said that the most important resource of the organization is the knowledge and skills that are possessed by the workforce. This knowledge keeps on increasing since the employees keep on learning new things everyday.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Networks Social Capital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, it can be said that teamwork is preferred since it allows for the enhancement of the learning process among the employees. The teams or the social networks that are used to enhance the knowledge acquisition process of the employees are referred to as the knowledge networks (Ahmadi Eskandari 2011). There are two types of knowledge networks namely-communities of practice and communities of interest. According to Inkpen Tsang (2005), community of practice refers to a group of individuals that have a desire for learning and share the same goals. The interactions of t he members in the community of practice can be enhanced by making use of the technology. Community of interest is considered to consist of more members than a community of practice and it is very instrumental in facilitating the learning process of the members. The outcome of the community of interest can be enhanced by putting in place discussion forums and by making use of technology. These will facilitate meaningful interactions between the members. On the other hand, social capital refers to the institution’s norms or cultures that influence the extent of interactions in an organization. This is based on the premise that social interactions are very critical in enhancing the economic development of the society. It has been postulated that horizontal associations have a tendency for reducing the cost that is associated with doing a business in a particular place. This can be attributed to the fact that social networks facilitate coordination and cooperation. However, it mu st be mentioned that social networks that are parochial have a tendency for working against the societal interests. For example, cartels can have the effect of impeding economic and social development. Role of community of practice According to Verburg Andriessen (2011), a community of practice refers of group of people that are interested in the learning process and who share common goals. However, to enhance the efficiency of the community of practice, it is critical to have a moderator to provide guidance and support.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Community of practice allows for the unlocking of the knowledge that may be latent in the minds of the participants. This allows the organization to take advantage of that knowledge to improve on its processes. Knowledge management Linh-Chi (2012), argues that knowledge management refers to the process through which the organ ization promotes the learning process among its employees. This enables the sharing of skills and knowledge among the employees, which has a very great bearing on the performance of the employees and the productivity of the organization. Most of the large organization set aside some resources to specifically cater for knowledge management. In fact, knowledge management is taken to be part and parcel of business strategy. In addition, the department of human resource management is charged with the responsibility of knowledge management. Shannak et al. (2012) is of the view that the major purpose of knowledge management is to enhance the performance of the organization. Additionally, it can be used to provide the organization with the competitive advantage. More importantly, knowledge management is very essential in promoting innovation among the employees in the organization. Some of the areas in which the knowledge in the organization can be used include: product development, new te chnologies, markets and customers. It must also be mentioned that knowledge is also concerned with processes and operations of the concerned organization. Furthermore, knowledge and information are required for new business strategies, production and logistics. There are two types of knowledge that are found in an organization namely; tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is that type of information that cannot be codified, but which influences the manner in which the members of the organization carry out their duties. It must be appreciated that tacit knowledge can be found in the organizational values, practices and norms. On the other hand, explicit knowledge can be stored in the manner that is appropriate for the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Networks Social Capital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the heart of knowledge management is the desire to manage the i ntangible knowledge assets in the organization. The reason for this is that knowledge is a very important element in an organization as it enhances its competitive advantage. For this reason, the organization would want its employees to learn new ways of doing things. Additionally, most organizations are of the view that new knowledge facilitates product development, which in turn creates new business opportunities. This makes the organizations to be wary of any knowledge losses. To achieve this, the organization would want to minimize the risks that are associated with outsourcing, downsizing and resignations (Keh-Luh, Chi Chiu-Mei 2012). Furthermore, the organizations would also want to take advantage of the latent knowledge that can be realized from the organization and the employees. Some of the strategies that are employed to unearth that hidden knowledge include: enhancing the personnel information systems, developing mentoring services, and aligning the organization culture to be supportive of the learning process. For this reason, it can be said that knowledge management is concerned with the unraveling of the necessary knowledge and the dissemination of that knowledge throughout the organization. This knowledge is very important as it helps in activities such as problem solving, strategic planning, and decision making. Others are of the opinion that knowledge management is concerned with the creation of new knowledge, sharing of that knowledge, and the strategies that are used to enhance the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge. Knowledge sharing is a term that is used to denote the sharing of knowledge, as well as the transference of knowledge between the individuals and the groups in an organization. Some of the factors that enable knowledge sharing include the organization culture and values that tend to enhance the process of knowledge sharing. These factors are instrumental in facilitating individual knowledge development as well as dealin g with the obstacles that tends to impede the process of knowledge development. In addition to that, the factors also promote the sharing of the knowledge within the organization. This is the only way in which knowledge can be converted from individual knowledge to organizational knowledge.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Knowledge networking According to Plum Hassink (2011), knowledge networking has the potential to facilitate capacity development in an organization. In addition, it must be noted that knowledge networks promote the idea of learning together. This can have a tremendous influence on the performance of the entire team and that of the entire organization in general. It has also been adduced that learning is very instrumental in influencing the performance of the organization. This is based on the premise that knowledge is very essential for any organization in this fast changing business environment. The major thrust of the knowledge networking is the human collaboration and not the technology that is used to enhance it. Part of the reason as to why there has been this trend towards knowledge network is that there has been a diminished need to approach an expert to solve the organization’s challenges. In addition, there has been advancement in technology which has facilitated ef ficient communication. This allows individuals to share ideas and knowledge. It can also be said that technology has also facilitated both informal and formal means of communication. The net effect of this is that there is a widened platform though which exchange of information can take place. In the modern era it can be said that most of the networks are supported by technology. Moreover, the traditional form of networking such as alumni are being facilitated by the electronic platforms. There are various types of networks that can be classified as small or large or even spontaneous or pre-determined. Nonetheless, the main aim of these networks is to facilitate the horizontal flow of information to the concerned parties. According to some organizations there are two classes of networks that are used namely-delivery networks and enabling networks. It has been postulated that delivery networks are intent on delivering value to the organization (Lassen 2009). On the other hand, delive ring networks are keen on enhancing the capacity of the employees to perform even better. To ensure that those knowledge networks are effective, it is critical that they should have the driving force that will enhance the sustainability of the same. In addition, there are three aspects that are considered to be the hallmarks of effective knowledge networks namely- a community of people that co-operate, a shared topic, and organizational practices that are supportive of those networks. It can also be said that a knowledge networks consists of people who interact with each other and are committed to the learning process in a bid to acquire more knowledge. They also agree on the methods that work best for them during the learning process. In addition, the members of the group decide on common approaches to issues that could be facing them. Again, knowledge networks emphasizes on the need for sharing knowledge. The efficiency of the knowledge network hinges on the platform that is used as the medium of communication by the members of the team (Magnusson 2004). Dimensions of knowledge network It must be appreciated that a knowledge network consists of a group of people who interact with each other, learn together, and also build relationships that facilitate mutual commitment. Another aspect of the networks is that they are very dynamic, and for this reason they keep on changing in terms of membership from time to time. Moreover, the external environment provides pressures on the network, which in turn influences the response of the network. There are some attributes that apply to all the networks namely-diversity, reciprocity and trust (Expà ³sito-Langa Molina-Morales 2010). Diversity is a very key component of the network in that it enhances the diversity of the ideas that are availed to the network. However, it is important to realize that too much diversity can have the effect of affecting the operations of the network due to lack of shared values and princip les. Diversity also facilitates each member of the organization to aid in the exchange of information. Additionally, there is no one who is coerced to participate in the affairs of the network. According to Huggins Johnston (2009), the outcome of the network is heavily dependent on the level of trust of the members. If the members do not develop adequate level of trust, they are not likely to open up to each other. This might impede the process of development of knowledge. The level of trust can be enhanced by increasing the opportunities for interactions in the network. It must also be appreciated that in situations in which the supervisor is present during deliberations, the members will be reluctant to open up to each other. This can be supported by the postulate that the flow of knowledge is likely to be better among peers. Reciprocity arises in situations in which all the members expect to be appreciated for their efforts in the network. Towards this end, members make tremendo us sacrifice in terms of time and resources in order to attain the goals of the network. One of the key pillars of any organization is its social capital, and its takes considerable amount of time to put up. However, this social capital can crumble due to inept management. The contribution of the members of the organization is at its best when they feel as part and parcel of the network. This sense of belonging brings down any inhibition that may hold back the members from expressing themselves freely. Care should also be taken to ensure that the members are not held back from giving their ideas by some other members who have a tendency to dominate the discussions forums. Additionally, the moderator for the discussion should ensure that the queries by the members are addressed in a timely fashion. This will tend to motivate the participants to express themselves freely. When the members of the networks work collaboratively, there is always a high chance that the solution will be fou nd much faster than would be case for individuals working in isolation on the same issue. How to enhance the outcome of knowledge networks The topic that is being considered by the network should be such that it is not too broad and impenetrable (Carlsson 2003). This will enhance the possibility that all the members will work together to unravel the solution to the issue at hand, the earliest forms of networks arose among the craftsmen. These were in form of guilds where members of a particular profession worked collaboratively so as to discover new and better ways of carrying out their trades. At the same time, they jealously guarded the knowledge acquired, but shared it freely among themselves. This had the effect of widening the knowledge base for the concerned vocations. The topic being studied should be such that it is focused on a particular issue. Therefore, the members of the network have the duty of keeping track of the current stock of knowledge and also acting as the cust odians of that knowledge. In this regard, the members should keep both the tacit knowledge as well as the explicit knowledge, and to ensure that is passed on to the other members of the network. This acts as the base upon which the acquisition of future knowledge is founded. This ensures that the knowledge possessed by the members keeps on growing as time goes by. Carlsson (2004) contends that the network must put in place measures that are meant to enhance knowledge sharing among the members. This will act as the catalyst for the development of knowledge. To enhance the outcome of the deliberations of the networks it is important to have the main themes that need to be tackled. This would in turn bring about finer themes that are meant to address specific issues that may arise. Consequently, this would guide the members in determining the relevance of the solutions that they might proposed. It is also important for the members of the networks to identify those areas in which they a re weak with a view to building capacity in those areas. To facilitate the identification of the areas in which the members of the network can build capacity, it is important o make use of self assessment framework. Additionally, the use of self assessment framework also facilitates in the creation of the common focus and language that can be used in the discussions by the members of the network. Networks are also critical in the identification of the knowledge that is already known by its members. This knowledge is also augmented by the collective experience of the members of the network. Since the members have both the tacit and the explicit knowledge coupled with the experience in its application, they are usually in a better position to determine whether the information should be shared or not. Social capital According to Felà ­cio, Couto Caiado (2012), social capital is very essential in helping the company to innovate and retain its competitive edge. Social capital can be co nsidered ass the set of skills and knowledge that are embedded in the relationships that are forged in the organizations. It has also been said that those individuals who perform well are invariably connected to others who also perform well. For this reason, social capital is considered to be an asset in an organization. Members of a social group help each other in the acquisition of knowledge, and they are obligated to support each other in their endeavors. It can also be noted that those organization that perform well are known for the manner in which they utilize the skills and knowledge that are inherent in their workforces. However, in order to take advantage of the networks in the organization, there is a need to eliminate structural holes. This arises when individuals in different groups tends to concentrate on their activities without extending assistance to others that may belong to different groups. For this reason, these structural holes may have the effect of slowing dow n the dissemination of knowledge in the organization. This can be supported by the assertion that the people in different structural holes tend to disseminate different information. Thus the structural holes should be viewed as the weak links in the organization, which hinder the free flow of information in the organization. Social capital is characterized by three dimensions namely- the structural dimension, the cognitive dimension and the relational dimension. The structural dimension refers to the ties that exist in the network and which affects the ease with which members are able to bond with each other. On the other hand, cognitive dimension is concerned with the shared narratives and language that is used by the members in the group. The relational dimension refers to the values, norms and the roles that each member of the network is expected to play. When all these dimensions come into play they help in the growth of the intellectual capital in the organization. There are di fferent types of social capital that are appropriate for different goals. In this regard, there are three different characteristics that are associated with social capital. The first characteristic deals with the benefits of relevance, timeliness, and trustworthiness that are accrued by making use of the networks. Secondly social capital facilitates the means through which the members in the network can be influenced and controlled, as well as freeing them up from that control. The other characteristic is the social solidarity. This arises when members of the group repetitively participate in the activities of the network. This brings about mutual trust and obligation. Individual learning Traditional human management practices emphasizes on individual learning as a means of enhancing the capacity of the organization. Due to the fact that knowledge is taken to be one of the important prerequisites of the success of the organization, it is important to adopt the right approaches to le arning. Individual learning can also be considered as means of effecting organizational leaning. Towards this end, it has been postulated that the individual learning should be continuous so as to enable the organization to respond to the changes in the environment. This is the only way in which the individual can remain relevant at the workplace (Aslam et al. 2011). It can be said that individual learning takes into account the needs of the individual students. Individual learning usually takes place on a one-on-one basis, whereby the trainer takes an individual through a particular lesson. Some of the factors that the trainer will need to take in consideration during training include: the learning environment, attitude, maturity, motivation, interests, and the pace of learning for the individual learners. Some of the advantages that are associated with individual learning include the fact that the learning process can be customized to respond to the needs of the different learners . Additionally, the learners are allowed to learn at a pace that is convenient for them. The learners can also determine the method and the information that they can learn. Organizational Learning Organizational learning can be considered to be the hallmark of an organization that is continuously adapting to respond to changes in the environment (Wan, Compeau Haggerty 2012). A learning organization is characterized by identification, storage and dissemination of knowledge throughout the organization. This learning is facilitated by the interactions that are forged in the organization. However, the learning process should not be a by-product of the normal activities of the organization. Instead, it should be part of a deliberate process that is intended to widen the knowledge base of the organization. Again, it must be realized that for the knowledge to benefit the entire organization, it must be stored in convenient manner and disseminated to the other members of the organization. In addition, knowledge will need to be transferred in a manner that is convenient and which enhances the understanding of the recipients. Another very important feature of learning organizations is that they learn from their mistakes. The organization must continuously learn to be able to respond to the challenges that are presented by changes. Failure to embrace learning will have the effect of rendering an organization obsolete as time goes by. Organization learning is a social process whereby interactions play a major role in the development of knowledge. Towards this end, the organization must have a culture and a set of values that are supportive of these interactions. A major difference between organizational learning and individual learning is that individual learning is intended to empower individuals while organizational learning is intended to benefit the entire organization. Organizational learning and adaptation from a systems perspective According to Yanow (2000), the s ystem approach advocates for cohesiveness and independency to permeate through out the structures of the organization. In such a scenario member of the organization will be in a position to work on common goals and achieve results by being committed. In addition, during the process of working on the goals, the members will continuously monitor the efficiency of the approach adopted. Moreover, the learning process should embrace diversity in that everybody in the organization should be committed to the realization of the goals of the organization. System approach investigates how our actions influence others and the learning process in general. This implies that human beings are interdependent on each other. Additional, the system approach has it that one should view the big picture in the problem solving process. This is contrary to the conventional approach whereby the problem is broken down into smaller pieces to facilitate easier problem solving. Failure to look at the big pictur e could have the effect of implementing solutions that could have negative effects on others as well as on the entire organization. KM related HR implications According to Pastor, Santana Sierra (2010), knowledge management is concerned with the identification, storage and the sharing of knowledge. On the other hand, human resource management is concerned with aspects such as recruitment training and hiring of employees. For this reason, knowledge management can have an impact on the training that is provided to the employees by the human resource department. Additionally, knowledge management challenges human resources management in aspects such as intellectual property, unit boundaries and professional identity. Consequently, the perception of the human resources on the issue of human resource development is shifted from that of capacity development to that of nurturing the necessary interactions within the organization, with a view to widening the knowledge base of the organizat ion. In addition, knowledge management helps the human resource management to organize training that is based on the identified areas in which the employees will need to be coached on. According to the knowledge based view, knowledge is the most important resource for the organization. Therefore, knowledge influences the competitiveness of the organization relative to that of the other organizations in the same industry. Moreover, knowledge is a key resource as well as a major basis for the sustainability of the organization. To ensure sustainability of the organization, there is need to adopt management practices that are sustainable. Therefore, it is apparent that knowledge management can play major role in enhancing the ability of the human resource management to adopt practices that are consistent with the sustainability issue. It must also be acknowledged that knowledge is very essential in enhancing innovation and creativity in the organization. According to the human resource management practices, a lot of emphasis is placed on the identification of the facilitators and the inhibitors of innovation in the organization. For this reason, some of the aspects that have been highlighted include: people, structure, organization size and the availability of resources. However, other approaches on the same issue have identified other factors that can influence the ability of the organization to innovate. Some of those other factors include: organizational environment, strategic type, and organizational climate and culture. This has major impact on the strategies employed by the human resources management to promote innovation within the organization as knowledge management advocates for the use of networking in the organization. Networking is very critical since it plays a major role in widening the knowledge base of the organization, which is very instrumental in enhancing the ability of the organization to innovate. Alternatively, the organization should enco urage the employees to have differing perceptions of the challenges posed to the organization. Conclusion Knowledge can be viewed as a very important asset that can determine the success or failure of the organization. This is particularly acute for the organizations in this fast changing business environment. An organization that embraces new knowledge and uses it for its advantage will be in a position to succeed. This implies that the right strategies need to be adopted to help in the accumulation and dissemination of the relevant knowledge. 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